Title: Physiological responses of cucumber to allelochemicals of phenolic compounds

Author(s): Politycka B

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 85-103 OCT 2002

Abstract: This review outlines the unfavourable effect of phenolic compounds accumulated in the greenhouse substrates during the repeated cultivation of cucumber on the growth of its own species plants. The application of selected phenolic acids on cucumber plants caused many physiological changes, such as glucosylation of phenolic acids by beta-glucosyltransferase, oxidation in polyamines by polyamine oxidases, increase in plasma membrane permeability due to lipid peroxidation, lignin synthesis and the changes in activities of some enzymes associated with this process. We have developed a hypothetical model based on our findings, it shows possible relationship in physiologic changes induced by phenolic compounds in toots of cucumber plants. According to the model, at low stress (low concentration of phenolics), cucumber plants detoxify them by synthesizing glucosylate derivatives, but higher concentrations of phenolics terminates cell growth phase due to deposition of lignin in cell walls, reduces shoot growth and thereby cucumber yield.

Author Keywords: allelochemicals; cucumber; Cucumis sativus; growth; phenolic allelochemicals; physiological responses; root

KeyWords Plus: PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; POLYAMINE OXIDASE; LEAF EXPANSION; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; NUTRIENT CULTURE; FUNGAL INFECTION; LIGNIN FORMATION; COUMARIC ACIDS

Addresses: Politycka B (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Plant Physiol, St Wolynska 35, Poznan, PL-60637 Poland
　

Title: Allelopathic effects of selected medicinal plants on Amaranthrus retroflexus and Chenopodium murale

Author(s): Qasem JR

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 105-122 OCT 2002

Abstract: Thirty medicinal plant species were screened for their herbicidal activities against Amaranthus retrofexus and Chenopodium murale in laboratory and glasshouse experiments. Aqueous extracts of Alhagi maurorum, Capparis spinosa, Citrullus colocynthis, Lavandula officinalis, Origanum syriacum, Rhus coriaria, Ricinus communis, Rosmarinus officinalis and Teucrium polium were highly toxic to both weed species. Shoot, leaf, or stem extracts either prevented seed germination or reduced seedling growth of the two weed species and the inhibitory effect increased with increased extract volume. In contrast, stem extract of O. syriacum and low extract volumes of certain species stimulated the weed growth. Foliage leachates or suspected volatile compounds of many of the above-mentioned plants inhibited germination and growth of both weeds. Addition of 2 g/kg dried shoot material of L. officinalis or R. officinalis to the potted soil mixture was highly toxic to weed germination and growth, and a higher rate (16 g/kg) of C. spinosa, R coriaria, and T polium severely reduced weed growth. Similar effects on both weeds were obtained when shoot extracts of L. officinalis and C. spinosa were added to the soil.

Author Keywords: allelopathy; extracts; herbicides; leachate; medicinal plants; residue; volatile; weeds

KeyWords Plus: LANTANA LANTANA-CAMARA; GROWTH; RESIDUES; NUTRIENT; EXTRACTS; ODORATA; CROPS; WEEDS

Addresses: Qasem JR (reprint author), Univ Jordan, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Resources & Environm, Amman, Jordan
　

Title: Allelopathic inhibitory effects of polyphenols released by Myriophyllum spicatum on algal growth

Author(s): Nakai S, Hosomi M

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 123-131 OCT 2002

Abstract: Four polyphenols, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), pyrogallic acid (PA), and (+)-catechin (CAT), released from Myriophyllum spicatum, are anti-algal allelochemicals. In this paper, we investigated the inhibitory effects of each of these polyphenols on blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa and Phormidium tenue), green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus guadricauda) and diatoms (Nitzsehia palea and Achnanthes minutissima). We also determined the collective actions of the 4 polyphenols on the inhibition of algal growth. Among the 6 algae, M. aeruginosa was the only one whose growth was significantly inhibited by each of the 4 polyphenols, while PA, GA, and EA each caused some degree of growth inhibition in P. tenue and the 2 green algae. Because none of the 4 polyphenols showed any inhibitory effect on growth of N. palea and growth of A minutissima was not inhibited by PA, GA or CAT, diatoms appear to have strong resistance to such polyphenols. The algal assays showed that (i) blue-green algae, M. aeruginosa and P. tenue were most sensitive to the synergistic actions of PA, GA and CAT and (ii) the synergistic action on the 2 green algae and the 2 diatoms were concentration-dependent.

Author Keywords: allelochemical; blue-green algae; diatom; green algae; polyphenol; synergistic growth inhibition

KeyWords Plus: MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA

Addresses: Nakai S (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Chem Engn, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo 1848588 Japan
　

Title: Allelopathic effects of Datura stramonium L. on rice and Echinochloa colonum

Author(s): Sondhia S, Swain D

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 133-140 OCT 2002

Abstract: The effect of fresh fruit extract and seed extracts of Datum stramonium in aqueous methanol, chloroform and diethyl ether was studied in vitro and in pot culture on the germination and seedling growth of rice ev. Kranti and its major weed Echinochloa colonum. In in-vitro studies datura fresh fruit extract of 10 % and 20 % concentrations (w/v) significantly reduced the germination, root and shoot growth of seedlings of both the test species. However, these were found more toxic to E. colonum than rice. Seeds soaked in fruit extracts (1, 5, 10 and 20 %) for 24 h and sown in pots did not influence the plant height at 30 DAS (days after sowing) but soaking in 20 % extract significantly reduced the dry weight in rice and E. colonum. Aqueous methanol fraction of datura seeds completely inhibited the germination of E. colonum and significantly reduced the root and shoot growth of rice followed by diethyl ether and chloroform extracts. Foliar spray of aqueous methanol fraction on 20 days old test plants, drastically reduced the dry weight both in rice and E. colonum, the former being more severely affected, but the height at 30 DAS was not affected.

Author Keywords: allelopathy; bioassay; Datum stramonium; Echinochloa colonum; germination; fruits and seeds extracts; Oryza saliva; pot culture; seedling growth

KeyWords Plus: SAPONINS

Addresses: Sondhia S (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr Weed Sci, Jabalpur, 482004 India
　

Title: Effect of casuarina litter leachates on crops

Author(s): Patil RH, Hunshal CS, Itnal CJ

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 141-145 OCT 2002

Author Keywords: Casuarina needles; extracts; germination; greengram; groundnut; inhibition; maize; sorghum; soybean and wheat

Addresses: Patil RH (reprint author), Univ Agr Sci, Dept Agron, Dharwad, Karnataka 580005 India
　

Title: Allelopathic influence of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) on germination and growth of vegetables

Author(s): Ameena M, George S

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 147-151 OCT 2002

Author Keywords: allelopathy; bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.); growth inhibition; okra (Abelmoschus esculentus I.); purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)

Addresses: George S (reprint author), Coll Agr, Dept Agron, Trivandrum, Kerala 695522 India
　

Title: Effect of leaf extract of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on germination and seedling growth of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Author(s): Duary B

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 153-156 OCT 2002

Author Keywords: allelopathy; biomass; blackgram; germination; leaf extract; rice; root growth; sesame; shoot growth; vigour index

Addresses: Duary B (reprint author), Pulses & Oilseeds Res Stn, W Bengal, 742101 India
　

Title: Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on greengram, blackgram and cowpea

Author(s): Djanaguiraman M, Ravishankar P, Bangarusamy U

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 157-161 OCT 2002

Author Keywords: blackgram; cowpea; Eucalyptus globulus; germination; greengram; leaf leachate; seedling growth

Addresses: Bangarusamy U (reprint author), Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Dept Crop Physiol, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
　

Title: Allelopathic effects of Croton bonplandianum on Parthenium hysterophorus

Author(s): Singh NB, Thapar R

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (2): 163-170 OCT 2002

Author Keywords: allelopathy; bioassay; chlorophyll; Croton bonplandianum; germination; Parthenium hysterophoras; protein; seedling growth; shoot cut bioassay

Addresses: Singh NB (reprint author), Univ Allahabad, Dept Bot, Plant Physiol Lab, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002 India
　

Title: Allelopathic plants. 6. Amaranthus spp.

Author(s): Suma S, Ambika SR, Kazinczi G, Narwal SS

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 1-11 JUL 2002

Abstract: Members of the genus Amaranthus are widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. Only few Amaranthus spp. are grown as grain crop or as leafy vegetable. It is one of the many under utilized food crops. Few are serious weeds in crops, pastures and roadsides competing with other weeds and grasses. It is the most widely distributed weed genus world over in the arable crops. A. retroflexus, A. spinosus and A. viridis are world's worst weeds. A. retroflexus and A. viridis have exhibited resistance to the widely used herbicides, the triazines. The weedy species are allelopathic and inhibits the crop growth. Several allelochemicals have been characterized from the plants of A. spinosus.

Author Keywords: allelochemicals; Amaranthus spp.; A. retroflexus; A. spinosus; A. viridis; crops; distribution; economic use; habitat; morphology; research; weeds

KeyWords Plus: SOYBEAN RESPONSE; PALMER AMARANTH; WEED RESIDUES; CORN; GROWTH

Addresses: Ambika SR (reprint author), Bangalore Univ, Dept Bot, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka 580056 India
　

Title: Effects of forest soil and leaf-litter on germination and initial seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala

Author(s): Hossain MK, Dhali MAH, Hossain MS

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 13-19 JUL 2002

Abstract: This study determined the effects of forest topsoil + leaf-litter mixture of four common plantation tree species (Acacia auriculiformis, Artocarpus chaplasha, Dipterocarpus turbinatus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) on the germination and initial seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala. The topsoil of adjacent bushy scrub forest area served as control. Highest germination occurred in the topsoil + leaf-litter mixture (90: 10) of Dipterocarpus turbinatus, whereas, the topsoil + leaf-litter mixture of Acacia auriculiformis caused maximum stimulation in the seedling growth and biomass production in L. leucocephala. Mixtures of topsoil + leaf-litter mixture (50:50) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis caused greatest inhibition in germination and seedling growth of L. leucocephala. These results demonstrated the allelopathic effects of E. camaldulensis leaf-litter on L. leucocephala.

Author Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis; allelopathic effects; Artocarpus chaplasha; biomass; Dipterocarpus turbinatus; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; inhibitor; Leucaena leucocephala

Addresses: Hossain MK (reprint author), Chittagong Univ, Inst Forestry & Environm Sci, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
　

Title: Influence of bund planted eucalyptus trees row on winter wheat

Author(s): Patil RH, Hunshal CS, Itnal CJ

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 21-28 JUL 2002

Abstract: Under field conditions, eucalyptus trees reduced the wheat crop germination, crop stand, growth and yield parameters ultimately affecting the grain yield up to a distance of 9 in from tree row, The lowest grain yield was noticed at 3 in from tree row, the yield gradually ameliorated with increase in distance and tree effect got nullified after 9 in and the yield levels at 12 and 15 in were identical with that at 18 in distance. Similar trend was observed in polybag study wherein, soil collected from nearer to tree row i.e., 3 in had the maximum inhibitory effect on shoot and root growth and dry matter accumulation of wheat followed by soil from 6 and 9 in distance. However, the inhibitory effect was not recorded in soil collected from 12 to 18 in distances. This confirms the interference of allelochemicals released from decomposing litter present in soil collected from nearer to tree row (3, 6 and 9 in) and the adverse effect of eucalyptus tree was due to both competition for physical resources and inhibitory effects of allelochemicals.

Author Keywords: agroforestry; allelopathic effect; arable crops; bioassay; eucalyptus; growth resources; interference; leaf litter

KeyWords Plus: GROWTH

Addresses: Patil RH (reprint author), Univ Agr Sci, Agr Res Stn Chilli, Post Box 17, Haveri, Karnataka 581110 India
　

Title: Studies on allelopathic effects in rivularian algal isolates

Author(s): Mishra U, Tiwari GL

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 29-37 JUL 2002

Abstract: The interspecific and intergeneric allelopathic responses among rivularian isolates and commonly observed rice field cyanobacterial strains were investigated. The cyanobacterial strains exhibited distinct and diverse interspecific response mechanisms. Filtrate of Calothrix -11 was autoinhibitory, while that of Dichothrix - 371 was most inhibitory to all rivularian strains. Calothrix -121 showing maximum chlorophyll a in filtrates of five strains proved a hardy isolate. In intergeneric allelopathic studies, except Scytonema, all other non rivularian strains studied were inhibitory to the-growth of the rivularian isolates. Therefore, Scytonema may be used in BGA biofertilizer formulations to stimulate the growth of native rivularian isolates in rice fields. These results can aid in more efficient utilization of cyanobacteria.

Author Keywords: algal allelopathy; Anabaena; Aphanothece; Calothrix; chlorophyll a; Dichothrix; Gloeotrichia; Hapalosiphon; inhibitory; Lyngbya; Nostoc; Oscillatoria; Scytonema; stimulatory

KeyWords Plus: BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; TOXINS

Addresses: Mishra U (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Natl Ctr Conservat & Utilizat BGA, New Delhi, 110012 India; Univ Allahabad, Dept Bot, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002 India

Title: Application of RERS (Root Exudate Recirculating System) for the studies of allelopathic potential of Poa pratensis

Author(s): Lipinska H, Oleszek W

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 39-44 JUL 2002

Abstract: In bioassay, the biological activities of Poa pratensis root exudates were examined on the germination, height and biomass of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis and Phleum pratense seedlings. The experiment was performed using a root exudate recirculating system (RERS). Root exudates of P. pratensis circulating in a closed cycle significantly reduced the germination of D. glomerata and Ph. pratense, but only slightly reduced that of F pratensis. It also reduced the height of Ph. pratense seedlings, in the first growth as well as during re-growth after first cut; while in D. glomerata only the height of the plants after first cut was influenced. It had no influence on the height of F pratensis seedlings. The application of amberlite XAD-4 reduced this inhibition. The presence of P. pratensis root exudate significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation as compared to the control. The XAD-4 slightly reduced the inhibitory effect of P. pratensis on biomass of Ph. pratense.

Author Keywords: allelopathy; germination; initial growth and development; Poa pratensis; RERS; root exudates

Addresses: Lipinska H (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Grassland Sci, St Akademicka 15, Lublin, PL-20950 Poland
　

Title: Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on cowpea, pigeonpea, greengram, blackgram and horsegram

Author(s): Sasikumar K, Parthiban KT, Kalaiselvi T, Jagatram M

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 45-51 JUL 2002

Author Keywords: allelopathy; Cajanus cajan; dry matter production; germination; Macrotyloma uniflorum; nitrogenase activity; Parthenium hysterophorus; phenolic acids; Vigna mungo; V. radiata; V. sinensis; vigour index

KeyWords Plus: EXTRACTS; ROOTS

Addresses: Parthiban KT (reprint author), Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Forest Coll, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu 641301 India
Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Forest Coll, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu 641301 India
　

Title: The influence of allelochemicals and plant growth regulators on emergence and development of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)

Author(s): Rup PJ, Sohal SK, Kaur G, Dhillon M

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 53-57 JUL 2002

Author Keywords: allelochemicals; auxins; development; emergence; gibberellins; kinins; Lipaphis erysimi; mustard aphid; plant growth regulators

Addresses: Rup PJ (reprint author), Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Dept Zool, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
　

Title: Allelopathic plants. 3. Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) (vol 8, pg 179, 2001)

Author(s): Kazinczi G, Beres I, Narwal SS

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 59-60 JUL 2002

Addresses: Kazinczi G (reprint author), Univ Veszprem, Georgikon Fac Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, POB 71, Keszthely, H-8361 Hungary
　

Title: Allelopathic plants. 4. Common ragweed (Ambrosia elatior L. syn A. artemisiifolia) (vol 9, pg 27, 2002)

Author(s): Beres I, Kazinczi G, Narwal SS

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 10 (1): 61-61 JUL 2002

Addresses: Beres I (reprint author), Univ Veszprem, Georgikon Fac Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, POB 71, Keszthely, H-8361 Hungary
　

Title: Pioneers of allelopathy. XII. Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841)

Author(s): Willis RJ

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 151-157 APR 2002

Abstract: Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841) was one, of the pre-eminent botanists of the nineteenth century. lie is best remembered for his contributions to plant systematics; however, he is the first scientist to provide a comprehensive account of allelopathy. His considerations of root excretions commenced in 1805, and culminated in his theory of crop rotation, based on the idea that plants leave behind excremental matter that is particular harmful to the same species. De Candolle's ideas dominated from 1830-1840, but scientists at that time lacked the technology to discover the compounds required to vindicate his theories.

Author Keywords: allelopathy; AP de Candolle; biography; crop rotation; history; crop rotation; root excretions

Addresses: Willis RJ (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3052 Australia
　

Title: Effects of wheat residues on dicotyledonous weed emergence in a simulated no-till system

Author(s): Blum U, King LD, Brownie C

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 159-176 APR 2002

Abstract: It is presently not known what effect wheat root residues have in regulating dicotyledonous (dicot) weed emergence in no-till management systems. past research has focussed almost entirely on the role of shoot residues, while the role of root residues in weed control has been essentially ignored. This field study was designed to determine the respective effects of wheat shoot and root residues in regulating the emergence of three dicotyledonous weed species (morning-glory, pigweed and prickly sida). Glyphosate desiccated wheat plots and fallow plots were surface seeded with morning-glory, pigweed and prickly sida during the spring of 1996 and 1997. Weed seedling emergence was determined for two months during each experimental period in plots with or without wheat shoot and/or root residues. The resulting data suggested that: a) the closer desiccation of the wheat cover crop Occurred to the initial emergence of pigweed seedlings, the lower the emergence of that weed, b) the effects of wheat shoot and/or root residues on dicot weed seedling emergence vary considerably for the different weed species ranging from stimulation to inhibition and c) the role of root residues appear to be much more important to regulating weed emergence than that of surface shoot residues, Differences in soil moisture and temperature associated with the presence or absence of wheat residues could not be used to explain the observed treatment effects.

Author Keywords: Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed); Ipomoea hederacea L.; (ivy leaf morning-glory); no-till systems; Sida spinosa L. (prickly sida); stimulation and inhibition of weed emergence; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) shoot and root residues

KeyWords Plus: CROPPING SYSTEMS; PLANT RESIDUES; STRAW; PHYTOTOXICITY; DECOMPOSITION; SUPPRESSION; COMPONENTS; GROWTH

Addresses: Blum U (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
　

Title: Bioassay guided isolation of seed germination inhibitors from sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Regal] cortex tissue

Author(s): Peterson JK, Harrison HF, Snook ME

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 177-186 APR 2002

Abstract: Methanolic extracts from cortex tissue of the sweetpotato cultivar 'Regal' inhibited the germination of proso-millet seed, Bioassays of fractions obtained by low pressure preparative column chromatography revealed three major regions in the clution profile, that hid inhibitory activity. The most active fraction was further separated by semi-preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. Eight major peaks that suppressed seed germination were obtained. Except for one peak, the compounds represented by the other peaks displayed activities not statistically different. Seed germination was strongly inhibited at concentrations below 50 ppm. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry data obtained from hydrolysis products allowed identification of a few components of these molecules i.e. the fatty acids, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic and a saturated, is well as a mono-unsaturated C 22 acid, Currently we are attempting to elucidate the molecular structures of these compounds.

Author Keywords: allelopathy; bioassays; cortex. dose-response; Ipomoea hatatas; seed germination inhibition; sweetpotato

KeyWords Plus: SOLUBLE RESIN GLYCOSIDES; RHIZOMA JALAPAE-BRAZILIENSIS; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; OPERCULIN-II; ROOTS; MURICATA; VII; GROWTH; IV

Addresses: Peterson JK (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA; USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA

Title: Autotoxicity of Chinese fir on seed germination and seedling growth

Author(s): Huang ZQ, Haig T, Wang SL, Han SJ

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 187-193 APR 2002

Abstract: Under field conditions, Chinese fir has poor establishment and less productivity when seedlings are replanted to the same area after harvest. Experiments were conducted to determine if allelopathy specifically autotoxicity is responsible for the replant problem. Aqueous extracts of plant tissues and litter were examined for their effect on seed germination and seedling growth. Further soil amended with litter, bark, branch, leaf and root material was examined to determine any possible effect on seedling growth. Depending on the type and concentration of the tissue extract, aqueous extracts of Chinese fir inhibited, stimulated, or had no effect on the seed germination and seedling growth. Ten % (w/v) extracts of roots, fresh leaves and litter and 1% (w/v) extracts of roots inhibited the Chinese fir seed germination. While bark extracts (0.1% w/v) stimulated the seed germination, Chinese fir root, fresh leaves and litter placed on the soil surface reduced the seedlings growth in pat experiments. However, Chinese fir branches and bark had no significant influence on the seedlings growth. Paper chromatography and HPLC revealed that nine phenolics (syringic, gallic, protocatechuic, o-coumaric, m-coumaric, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and ferulic acids) were present in the Chinese fir extracts. These phenolic compounds appear to be related to the autotoxicity of Chinese fir.

Author Keywords: aqueous extract; autotoxicity; bark; branches; Chinese fir; leaf; litter; phenolics; root; seed germination; seedling growth

KeyWords Plus: WOODLAND; SOIL

Addresses: Huang ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, Hui Tong Expt Stn Forest, POB 417, Shenyang, 110015 Peoples R China
Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia

Title: Effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pellets on weed control in rice

Author(s): Xuan TD, Tsuzuki E, Uematsu H, Terao H

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 195-203 APR 2002

Abstract: Alfalfa plants contain allelochemcials that have adverse effects oil their own growth and of surrounding plants. Alfalfa pellets used as field for livestock, were used for weed control in this study, Alfalfa pellets inhibited the germination and growth of two major test weed species (Echinochloa oryzicola and Monochoria vaginalis) in paddy soils. The inhibitory effect of alfalfa pellets ameliorated as the applied dose increased. In petri plate bioassay, the germination of Monochoria vaginalis and Echinochloa oryzicola was completely inhibited at concentrations of 1 25 and 1,50 g alfalfa pellets, respectively. Application of alfalfa pellets immediately after irrigation, had the greatest inhibitory effects on germination of Cyperus difformis. Application of 100 kg/10 a (1a=100 m(2)) of alfalfa pellets in paddy field significantly reduced the number and dry weight of weeds, but had no effect on growth of rice, Results suggested that alfalfa pellets may be used as a natural herbicide in paddy fields and to reduce the dependence oil synthetic herbicide for weed control.

Author Keywords: Alfalfa pellets; Cyperus difformis; Echinochloa oryzicola; Eleocharis; aciculalis; Graticola japonica; inhibitory effects; Medicago sativa L.; Monochoria vaginalis; natural herbicide; rice; Rotala indica; Scirpus juncoides; weed control

KeyWords Plus: ALLELOPATHY; AUTOTOXICITY; GERMINATION; GROWTH

Addresses: Xuan TD (reprint author), Miyazaki Univ, Fac Agr, Div Crop Sci, Miyazaki, 8892192 Japan
　

Title: Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus on blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.)

Author(s): Sasikumar K, Vijayalakshmi C, Parthiban KT

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 205-214 APR 2002

Abstract: Investigations done to identify the allelopathic compounds in the leachates of bark, fresh leaves and leaf litter of Eucalyptus tereticornis, E. camaldulensis, E. polycarpa and E. microtheca using paper and gas chromatography showed the presence of coumaric, gallic, gentisic, hydroxybenzoic, syringic and vanillic acids and catechol. The influence of identified phenolics and leachates was investigated on the germination, seedling length, dry matter, vigour index and nitrogenase activity of blackgram 'CO 5', Germination was affected by catechol whereas it remained unaffected by coumaric acid both at 1 mM and 2 mM concentrations, Gallic acid at I mM concentration and syringic and hydroxybenzoic acids at 2 mM concentrations significantly inhibited the germination. All the phenolic acids except coumaric acid, significantly decreased the vigour index both at I mM and 2 mM concentrations. Coumaric acid stimulated the vigour index of black-gram. Bioassay with leachates reduced the germination, whereas, stimulated the dry matter production and vigour index over control at 7 days after sowing (DAS). However, the leachates at 37 DAS significantly reduced the seedling length, dry matter production, vigour index and nitrogenase activity, compared to control.

Author Keywords: allelopathy; dry matter production; Eucalyptus; germination; nitrogenase activity; phenolic compounds; vigour index

KeyWords Plus: GLOBULUS LABILL; EXTRACTS; LITTER

Addresses: Parthiban KT (reprint author), Tamil Nadu Agr Univ, Forest Coll, Mettupalayam, Tamil Nadu 641301 India
　

Title: Responses of newly planted apple trees to formalin, monoammonium phosphate, Bacillus subtilis and Pantoea agglomerans

Author(s): Utkhede RS

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 215-221 APR 2002

Author Keywords: apple replant disease; biological control; chemical control; fertilizer; fumigation; Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium ultimum; Malus domestica

KeyWords Plus: REPLANT DISEASE; ENTEROBACTER-AGGLOMERANS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ORCHARD SOILS; GROWTH; ROOT; SEEDLINGS; BACTERIA; CROWN; ROT

Addresses: Utkhede RS (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agr Food Res Ctr, POB 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0 Canada
　

Title: The influence of saponin products (Moldstim, Ecostim) on growth and yield of barley

Author(s): Noworolnik K, Leszczynska D, Kintia P

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (2): 223-228 APR 2002

Author Keywords: barely; Ecostim; grain yield; Moldstim; Plant growth; saponins

KeyWords Plus: GLYCOSIDES

Addresses: Kintia P (reprint author), Inst Soil Sci & Plant Cultivat, Dept Cereal & Crops Prod, St Czartoryskich 8, Pulawy, PL-24100 Poland
　

Title: Inhibitory potential of compounds released from squash (Cucurbita spp.) under natural conditions

Author(s): Fujiyoshi PT, Gliessman SR, Langenheim JH

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (1): 1-8 JAN 2002

Abstract: The squash (Cucurbita spp.) extracts released under the natural conditions were tested for phytotoxicity. The fog drip collected from the leaves did not inhibit lettuce (Lactuca sativa L,) seed germination or radicle elongation. Similarly, water soluble root exudates also did not inhibit germination or seedling growth of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Aqueous leachates from senescent leaves inhibited the germination, radicle and hypocotyl elongation of corn (Zea mays) and lettuce. However, the concentrations used were greater than those likely found under field conditions and showed little or no activity toward the weed species. Hydrophobic root exudates collected by adsorption to resin beads were inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and radicle elongation. Volatiles from leaf glandular trichomes stimulated the lettuce radicle elongation. Ecologically realistic methodology thus shows that suppression of weeds by squash is potentially mediated allelopathically from root contact, but other routes of release of inhibitory allelochemicals are unlikely.

Author Keywords: allelochemical release; allelopathic stimulation; bioassay; Cucurbita; fog drip; root contact; root exudates; volatiles

KeyWords Plus: WEED MANAGEMENT; ALLELOPATHY; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS

Addresses: Gliessman SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
　

Title: Olive oil mill wastewater: Isolation of polyphenols and their phytotoxicity in vitro

Author(s): Aliotta G, Fiorentino A, Oliva A, Temussi F

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (1): 9-17 JAN 2002

Abstract: Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) was tested for phytotoxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of radish and wheat. The most potent inhibition was observed with the reverse osmosis fraction, from this, 17 polyphenols with molecular weight less than 300 Daltons were isolated by chromatographic processes and identified on the basis of their spectroscopic features. In seed bioassays, the inhibitory activity of each polyphenol was much lower than that observed for the original Fraction and the mixture of the pure 17 polyphenols present in reverse osmosis fraction had less effect oil seed germination. Thus, OMW phytotoxicity could be due to a synergic action of polyphenols with other unidentified substances present in the wastewater.

Author Keywords: Olea europaea; olive oil mill wastewater; phytotoxicity; polyphenols; radish; wheat

Addresses: Fiorentino A (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Sci Vita, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, I-81100 Italy
　

Title: Calcium and pH effects on salicylic acid phytotoxicity

Author(s): Ohno T, Horesh MY, Merritt KA, Wagai R

Source: ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL 9 (1): 19-25 JAN 2002

Abstract: It has been demonstrated that phenolic acids are involved in allelopathy expression in agricultural ecosystems. The effects of ion associations between Ca2+, the dominant cation in most soil solutions, and phenolic acids on phytotoxicity have not been investigated. We investigated the effects of Ca2+ levels and pH on the phytotoxicity of salicylic